Most people easily recognize the vertical management structure. The setup is the most traditional, characteristically employing a power hierarchy. A head honcho leads all, directing less powerful ...

Vertical company structures, also called centralized organizations, offer certain advantages. As top-level managers and owners are the only people setting guidelines, benchmarks and direction, ...

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own. How owners organize the management of a small business has a huge effect on internal and external growth. The question is, which ...

1. Vegetation vertical structure is important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. In cities, however, while variation in the spatial extent and distribution of vegetation has been widely ...

In images made possible only as Saturn nears equinox, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has uncovered for the first time towering vertical structures in the planet’s otherwise flat rings that are attributable ...

TOKELAND, Wash. — Blue tsunami evacuation route signs are now a common sight on the shores of America’s west coast states. The idea is to get to higher ground, but that depends on a lot of factors. If ...

The global impact of ocean biology is heavily determined by its most populous members, the microbial plankton. Study of these organisms has advanced rapidly, but there are still large gaps in basic ...

In lakes, the diversity of eukaryotic picoplankton has been recently studied by the analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences; however, quantitative data are rare. In this study, the vertical ...