Production test of a finished electronic product often involves two techniques: in-circuit test (ICT) and functional component test (FCT). The ICT technique examines a non-powered circuit board to ...

For testing PCBs, test engineers have a variety of options ranging from venerable in-circuit testers and flying probers to functional testers and the latest in embedded-instrument technology.

Over the last decade, there has been a move away from powered-up digital in-circuit vector testing to unpowered analog-based (vectorless) device-pin opens testing for large and sometimes small digital ...

The cost of manufacturing printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) has always been a concern for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and contract manufacturers (CM). This is one of the reasons why ...